SHOULD YOU TEACH YOUR KIDS CHINESE?

chinese caligraphy.jpg

While China’s rise is real, Chinese is in no way rising at the same rate. Robert Lane Greene explains why ...

Special to MORE INTELLIGENT LIFE

When I get into cocktail-party conversation about language and politics, someone inevitably says “and of course there’s the rise of China.” It seems like any conversation these days has to work in the rise-of-China angle. Technology is changing society? Well, it’s the flood of cheap tech from China. Worried about your job? It’s the rise of China. Terrified of nuclear Iran? If only that rising China would stop resisting sanctions. What’s for lunch? Well, we’d all better develop a taste for Chinese food. 

I was reminded of this walking down New York’s Park Avenue last night, when I saw a pre-school offering immersion courses in French, Italian, Spanish and Chinese. For years now, we’ve been seeing stories like this: Manhattan parents, always eager to steal some advantage for their children, are hiring Mandarin-speaking nannies, so their children can learn what some see as the language of the future.
 
But while China’s rise is real, Chinese is in no way rising at the same rate. Yes, Mandarin Chinese is the world’s most commonly spoken language, if you simply count the number of speakers. But the rub is that they’re almost all in China. Yes, we’ve also read that Mandarin is advancing in Hong Kong, Taiwan and overseas Chinese communities (which have traditionally spoken one of China’s other languages, such as Cantonese). And China is trying to expand the use of the language through the expansion of its overseas Confucius Institutes. But English remains the world’s most important language. America’s superpower status has made it everyone’s favourite second language. This is where its power lies. A Japanese businessman does deals in Sweden in English. A German airline pilot landing in Milan speaks English to the tower. English is also the language of writing intended for an international audience, whether scientific, commercial or literary.
 
Could Chinese gradually assume this role as the world’s language of communication? I'll venture a prediction: No. Not as long as Chinese is written in traditional Chinese characters.
 
It’s not terrifyingly hard to learn to speak Chinese. Mandarin has few of the blistering array of case- and verb-endings that make languages like Russian or Arabic so difficult. Sentences are built on a simple system that can seem odd and ungrammatical to outsiders. (Sentences like wo shi zhong guo ren can be translated bit-by-bit as I yes middle country person, meaning “I am Chinese.”) The hardest part for non-Asians is probably mastering the “tones”: “shi” pronounced with a falling pitch means something completely different than “shi” pronounced with a rising, flat or dipping pitch.
 
But writing is a different story. Normal adult literacy requires a knowledge of about 6,000 characters, which must be memorised to be deciphered. Recurring symbols within characters can offer clues to sound and meaning, but they don't quite clarify the whole. Chinese people take years to learn the basics and many more to comprehend a full range of characters (the biggest dictionaries have more than 60,000 of them). For a foreigner, the task is immense—a mammoth memorisation challenge on top of the ordinary one of learning to speak a foreign tongue, usually undertaken in adulthood, without the benefit of immersion.
 
There is, of course, an alternative. Chinese can be written with the Roman alphabet (there’s an official system called pinyin), for the benefit of foreigners. Chinese people also use pinyin to enter Chinese characters on a standard computer keyboard. But China has resisted all attempts to simply switch to the alphabet for typical reasons: tradition and nationalism.
 
So should you teach your kids Chinese? Well, foreign languages are always a good thing to know, and if you really want them to live and work intensively in China, sure. But despite China’s rise, Chinese isn’t the world language of the future; the writing system simply makes it far too hard for the vast majority of the world’s people to use if they care to reach for the widest possible audience. I simply can’t imagine a Dutch physicist in 2110 learning Chinese in order to write up his research, or Finnish musicians recording in Chinese, the language “everybody” knows.
 
If China switches to an alphabet? That’s a different story.

(Robert Lane Greene is an international correspondent for The Economist and is writing a book about the politics of language around the world. He last wrote for More Intelligent Life about the phrase "beg the question".)

Picture credit: Aplomb (via Flickr)

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Comments

Why is it necessary to make


Why is it necessary to make Chinese sound weird? In "W? shì Zh?ngguó rén", "shì" means "is" and "Zh?ngguó" means "China", so "Zh?ngguó rén" means "Chinese person". Now was that so hard? As a matter of fact, the word order is similar to that of English.
As far as characters are concerned, many Chinese words are compounds, so one not only needs to know the character itself but also the compound. Nevertheless, there is no dictionary that has 60,000 characters, and even those that have forty or fifty thousand include many variant or archaic characters.
Finally, as far as the tones are concerned, plenty of Asians don't speak tonal languages, so they're going to be a problem for them as well.
Anyway, what's wrong with teaching your child a foreign language? Why not criticize those piano lessons?

As a university student who


As a university student who has quite unexpectedly ended up being an East Asian Studies major, and who is learning Chinese as well as French and Italian, I object to a few things in this article.

Chinese is indeed a difficult language to learn, and the greatest difficulty is certainly the memorization of characters. It is hard, it requires a lot of time and if you don't keep it up you will forget them. I have read that even native Chinese speakers are beginning to forget how to write some characters as typing becomes more and more common.

However, this does not mean that China should give in and start using pinyin, the romanization, to write Chinese. Chinese characters serve a far more important purpose than just "tradition and nationalism," although those are also important.

For one thing, Chinese has relatively few syllables. Even taking tones into account, there are not nearly as many syllables in Chinese as there are in English. For instance, in the sentence you gave, wo3 shi4 zhong1guo2ren2 (the numbers represent tones), the sound shi4, meaning "to be" (not just yes, as the writer assumed) can have many other meanings, even with the same tone. If you type in the sound shi with the down tone into a Chinese dictionary, you will get pages of results. There are a huge number of meanings for the sound shi4, like yes, to be, city, type, to test, to try and many more. The only way to distinguish these from one another is that each different meaning has a different character, even though they are pronounced the exact same way! This would make reading anything significantly long or complex very difficult if it were written in pinyin.

Also, a wonderful thing about Chinese characters is that they transcend language barriers within China. Chinese, Cantonese, Shanghainese and Wu are all different dialects/languages of China. The pinyin of Cantonese is completely different than that of Mandarin (Canto has 8 tones versus Mandarin's 4). However, the characters are the same. This makes it possible for a person in Hong Kong to read a mainland newspaper.

Finally, although I think you may be right about Chinese not becoming the language of the future, I certainly think the rise of people studying Chinese should be applauded. Chinese civilization is wonderful and rich in every way: food, music, art, philosophy, literature... Even if people only start learning Chinese because they think it will help them do business in the future, in the process they might well discover how rich and beautiful Chinese civilization is.

Are you correct? "Wo shi",


Are you correct?

"Wo shi", I believe, means "I be", or "I am", and not "I yes".

That, in your article, is the first example you give of how tricky the language might be. And I think you might be mistaken.

I respectfully disagree. The


I respectfully disagree. The purpose of learning Chinese is not because it is currently spoken widely across the world, but because it will be. They have amply shown that this is China's century. It's true that English will likely continue to be the universal language of aviation.

However, I'd encourage a child to learn Chinese simply because one should learn the language of one's employer, as well as the eventual rulers of the world. The US is well on its way to becoming a country like Britian--a third-rate once great power, suitable for a nice vacation, but no longer a leader.

"wo shi" and Chinese Grammar


My explanation of "wo shi zhongguo ren" was a little too compressed to do the subject justice. Yes, Chinese word order is not unlike English's - both are "analytic" languages, by contrast with "synthetic" ones that rely heavily on inflection (endings). And yes, my part-by-part translation made it look weird, but this was on purpose to illustrate how a westerner might feel learning a language like Chinese. "shi4" (that is, shi with a falling tone) is also an "emphatic particle" or "affirmative particle" that can be translated as "yes" or "correct", and over time also came to be used as the copula, i.e. the verb "to be" in English. So my bit-by-bit translation tried to convey this by showing how it originally meant something like "I, indeed, Chinese". But yes, "wo shi" can be straightforwardly translated as "I am". (And zhong means middle and guo means country, so yes, Zhongguo, the "middle country", means "China". This was meant to show how China's monysyllabic morphemes are put together to form longer words.) Other constructions like this have made many learners of Chinese tell me that they see the grammar as surprisingly easy in an oddly telegraphic kind of way. None of this is to suggest Chinese is simplistic or truly ungrammatical - merely that some constructions can look that way to outsiders.

"Jack", the homophonic nature of Chinese doesn't hurt Chinese people in spoken conversation - context does the vast majority of heavy lifting when you hear a word like "bear" - sure, we don't know if it's a big mammal in the woods, a hairy gay man, the verb meaning to carry, or it's metaphorical extension, as in "I can't bear it", unless we use it in virtually any natural sentence, in which case the meaning is obvious. Where homophones are potentially confusing, they're easy to explain ("I mean funny-ha-ha, not funny-weird" etc.)

America the reason that English rules?


"America’s superpower status has made it everyone’s favourite second language."

Don't you think the British Council is to thank for the spread (and education) of English too?

You'd think the world would collapse without America if you keep reading this sort of bollocks.

Are you perhaps begging the question?


I've never heard anyone suggest that Chinese is "the language of the future" - certainly not in the sense of becoming the lingua franca of universal choice. I'll bet if you fly a plane into Shanghai or Beijing you'll find a tower operator who can land you in English.
And I don't understand your attempt to make Chinese seem weird. You've been misled. Anyone in first-semester Mandarin will have begun to see the almost charming (and extremely mnemonic) logic of how Chinese "words" are put together.

yeah...


Yeah this author doesn't know what he's talking about...here's your evidence: "(Sentences like wo shi zhong guo ren can be translated bit-by-bit as I yes middle country person, meaning “I am Chinese.”)"

C'mon, you get this straight during the first month in any college Chinese course.

Do your homework before you write....

what?!


This is absurd. The purpose of learning a specific language is to know the people who speak it. I don't think you really wanna know the people or Chinese culture. You just wanna learn it faster. That's all.

I agree with the overarching


I agree with the overarching notion that English will still remain the dominant second language, even with the rise of China. China will become an economic superpower, but culturally I don't see the US losing its position anytime soon. The internet is multilingual, but dominated by English, and Hollywood movies remain as popular as ever. China choked its own media output after the cultural revolution, thus the rise of Hong Kong cinema, and more recently Taiwanese cinema. And make no mistake, Hong Kong/Taiwanese culture does not represent China.

Re: Teaching Chinese...


Why we do not make the English the official Language of this world?

That will make everything easier.

OB

Intelligent Life?


Ignorant Life, more like. Lazy Life. Don't trouble me with learning strange foreign languages life.

Twit.

As a Chinese girl...


As a Chinese girl....Chinese is my mother toungue,i must say that chinese is a language that really a little bit difficult to learn than some other languages like english or french. Even though i have spoken chinese for more than 20 years and i write my essaies in chinese...but that's not enough,still a long way.
When this article talked about the chinese characters, i must say it's different from the alphabets in english,because there are often stories behind every characters that happened from the past time.If you don't know the chinese history and chinese culture,you really can't learn it well,and it will become very difficult to memories.

The dominance of English is


The dominance of English is a combination of both superpowers. Britain gave birth to America and set up English colonies around the world where they use British vocabulary (India, Malaysia etc.) America created mass media like TV, movies and the internet as well as making English the second language in non-British colonies like East Asia.

Most likely, future historians will collapse the British and American Empires into the same empire.

It's always a personal


It's always a personal decision (or parents'?) whether to learn a foreign language or not. However as a HongKonger and I speak Cantonese (a dialet in the Canton province, using same characters as Mandarin, as cited in this article, but different pronunciation and use of terms, plus 9 tones!! ), I STRONGLY URGE if any of you wants to learn Chinese, please learn the characters in Traditional Chinese which is NOT widely used in China.

Traditional Chinese is widely used in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. This is the original Chinese characters.
In China, it is "Simplified Chinese" being used, many characters are simplied (e.g. reducing no. of strokes to a simpler form) and to be honest I think many characters have lost their structure due to this reason. To speak Mandarin is OK, but to learn the characters, please learn Traditional Chinese or it is difficult to grasp the esssence & beauty of Chinese characters.

Thanks.

For god sake,china never


For god sake,china never intends to promote chinese to the dominate position. Switch the characters to pinyin?Dear author,please make yourself a little more intelligent before issuing such a silly opinion.

I think let children learn


I think let children learn Chinese is a wise choice. Learning more about a country with such a long history is not bad. I have read something in the website: http://www.foreignercn.com/ There are so many things there about China. I hope that will help.

I am afraid that this


I am afraid that this article misses some important points
Firstly, writing Chinese language in alphabets doesn't make any sense! I am not going to further explain this because the writer obviously doesn't understand chinese language. Pinyin is just a thing that helps with pronunciation.
Secondly, learning chinese for people using alphabets is as hard as chinese people learning the western language, and a lot of them master the language very well.
!

cannot agree with you more!


cannot agree with you more!

A few misconceptions cleared


Whilst I concur with the premise of this article, namely that Chinese is unlikely to become the next lingua franca, I do have a few inaccuracies and misconceptions to point out about the Chinese language. (As an American of Chinese heritage and a former student of Prof. Victor Mair of the U. of Penn)

"Wo shi zhongguo ren...This was meant to show how China's monysyllabic morphemes are put together to form longer words."

Actually, most languages, including English, have words that are formed from morphemes (although not all morphemes are monosyllabic). You could easily argue for a bit-by-bit translation of the sentence "I built a makeshift automobile in Australia" to be:
I built a make-change self-moving in South(Latin)-country.

Also, to Jack's point (and RLG's response) - using a pinyin-based program to type can actually spit out the correct characters >95% of the time if you put the morphemes together to form words. The computer will recognize these combinations for a sentence typed "wo shi zhongguoren" instead of "wo shi zhong guo ren" where wo could be "lie down", shi could be "ten", zhong "clock", guo "to cross", ren "patience".

And the whole concept of expressing affirmation in Chinese is different from Western languages. In English, we say "yes", in French, it's "oui/si", in German, it's "ja", etc. However, in Chinese, you typically just repeat the verb that was just used, so the Chinese "yes" response to a question like "Do you want to go to the store?" would simply be "want". Conversely, "no" would simply be "not want". Which leads to constructions like those in Singlish that tend to overlay English words over Chinese grammar, such as questions like "Eat or not?", with most replying, "Eat!"

Firstly, I am astounded that


Firstly, I am astounded that this article is in the 'Intelligent Life' section as it is anything but intelligent.
The author writes "While China’s rise is real, Chinese is in no way rising at the same rate," and goes onto explain that the reason behind this is because Chinese is a language which is too difficult to learn unless it is stupefied by eliminating the characters and replacing them with pinyin.
However, it may not have occurred to the author that the effects of a country’s economic growth (which has only been significant in the last decade and a half) will always precede the expansion and infiltration of its culture and language to other countries. It would be ludicrous to suggest that the proliferation of a country’s language and cultural habits within other countries would be at the same rate as the effects of its economic growth within those countries. Especially since the dissemination of language and culture is a lag effect, which usually occurs after that particular nationality has a substantial presence within a country.
The author also advises that parents should not teach their children Chinese as it is not the language of the future, despite acknowledging that it is the world’s most commonly spoken language due to the number of speakers. I find this amusing since the number of speakers are more likely to increase rather than to decrease, and though Chinese may never be the universal language, it will be the second most spoken language in the world. If that doesn’t give your child an advantage later in life then I don’t know what will. However, I guess if parents don’t teach their children Chinese, it will help maintain the advantage for those of us who do speak both languages – so I’m not fussed.

Point of learning


As a proud Mongolian, it is hard for me to recommend learning chinese. However, the learning a language opens up psychology of the people and helps you to understand them better. That is why people learn the language instead of hiring a translator. Chinese culture and people need to be understood better by the rest of the world if indeed they are to be the dominant economic power of the world. Therefore, I would encourage my kids to learn chinese despite the long history between Mongols and Chinese.

Hate the article. It's


Hate the article. It's stupid.

being a Hong Kong Chinese, I started learning English at the age of 3, because Hong Kong was a colony of UK. I do not say that after 16 years of studies I can write and speak perfect english, but I can communicate without problem with others in English. And I always think that English is the easiest foreign language - especially after I have tried to learn french and some other languages. But many older people who have never learnt English, they wouldn't even been be able to differ all the alphabets easily.

The point is, I believe that I thought English is a relatively easy foreign language is mostly because of the fact that I started learning English at a very early age, it's always been part of my knowledge. So as Chinese, I never find it particularly hard to learn to write a new character (okay, actually it happens, but very rare).

So I guess, if the Mainland Chinese government really wanna promote the language or people start learning the language while they're still young, it is no doubt that people will be able write and speak it well. Otherwise, how do you think why the language is still existing, if it's so hard to be learnt as the writer claimed!

And no, I do not think we should ever romanize Chinese. I love the traditional characters, they're beautiful.

If many non-Chinese can


If many non-Chinese can beautifully speak and write the Chinese language, so can anyone. It's in the attitude and willingness to learn. In fact, I'd dare say that because of its nature of being pictographs, it's far more satisfying and interesting to learn than a bunch of letters. It's also an excellent way to learn the minds of the Chinese people. A lot of this is embedded in the development of the characters.

Agreed, the article IS


Agreed, the article IS stupid I couldn't believe it's published here either.

I read somewhere that a 2000-year old Chinese text can still be understood with the help of a dictionary. That's what you call sophistication and continuity.

Superpower or not, like it or not, it will become very important within our generation.

The tone of this article is


The tone of this article is what a foreign would expect to read as a "typical" Agglosaxon viewpoint.
Big global-cultural changes do not occur in a time span of (let's say) 5-10-20 years.. It's a long process and it is likely that such a change has just started. Just like when centuries ago other languages were considered as international languages were substituted to other ones.
The strenght of a culture is its language and it would be a fatal mistake of Chinese would change their language so it will be easier for westerns to learn it. Maybe in few decedes everybody will have to learn Chinese or else will be out of the global game.
None knows.. time will tell...

Actually I liked this


Actually I liked this article. I think it is an interesting viewpoint. I'm not sure I agree with the author, but I found it interesting nonetheless.

Unfortunately the author has


Unfortunately the author has made some serious oversimplifications, that makes his lack of knowledge of the Chinese language apparent.
First of all, calling the writing system "Traditional" is extremely confusing, Mainland China has in fact moved from the "Traditional" character forms.
Secondly, your linguistic analysis of the sentence "Wo shi Zhongguo ren" is extremely inadequate. As other comments have elaborated on, Modern Chinese syntax and morphology is far more complex than the interlinear translation you have provided.
Thirdly, you are not the first to advocate against Characters. The most compelling argument against this is the poem "Lion Eating Poet in the Stone Den" by Yuan Ren Chao. The poem is entirely written with characters that sound like shi.
Fourthly, as a non-native who has studied the language (including its linguistics and history) for years, I can attest to the fact that learning characters is really not that hard.
Unfortunately these points distract from the truth in the article: most Americans/English speakers are simply too lazy to learn another person's language(the author being no different).